Cross-border e-commerce in Europe accounted for a turnover of some €108.75 billion last year, according to a study published on Thursday by Cross-Border Commerce Europe (CBCommerce).
The calculation does not include travel, according to the study's organisers, a platform created to stimulate online commerce across the continent.
Of the total turnover, 58% is generated by players within the European Union and 42% by non-EU brands.
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Together, the top 500 European players generate €39.7 billion in revenues, according to the study.
The ranking is based on four parameters: cross-border online sales in Europe, cross-border SEO (search engine optimisation) performance indicators, a cross-border score based on the number of countries covered and the number and percentage of cross-border visits.
Swedish furniture giant Ikea took first place, before H&M and Zara.
The Brussels Times